May 16, 2011

Alzheimer's Imaging Drug Nears FDA Approval

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May 16, 2011
Bottom Line's Daily Health News
In This Issue...
  • Toss Out Your Joint Pills! The Real Answer to Joint Pain Lies in 3 Tiny "Miracle Drops"!
  • Alzheimer's Imaging Drug Nears FDA Approval
  • Are You or Your Loved Ones Taking Any of These Highly Prescribed Medicines?
  • Quitting Smoking May Get Easier

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Alzheimer's Imaging Drug Nears FDA Approval

Know thy enemy! It soon may be possible for people to find out their risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), thanks to a new test that the FDA is expected to approve. Besides being a powerful tool for managing risk, this test should help reduce diagnostic errors when symptoms such as memory loss or confusion in a particular patient are mistakenly attributed to Alzheimer’s -- a sad situation that happens 20% of the time or more, by some estimates.

Even though there is no effective cure for Alzheimer’s (and few promising ones on the horizon), approval of this diagnostic test would nonetheless be a great advance, says Norman L. Foster, MD, professor of neurology and director of the Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging and Research (CACIR) at the University of Utah. At present, the only way to know, absolutely and for sure, that a person has Alzheimer’s is to wait until he/she dies and examine the brain via autopsy -- which clearly is not helpful. We spoke recently about what this new test will mean for diagnosis and treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Nearly 100% Reliable

First, let’s take a look at the test. Dr. Foster explained that a radioactive contrast dye is injected into people suspected of having AD. The dye travels to the brain. Doctors can then use a PET scanner to detect whether there are any amyloid plaques in the brain -- along with other symptoms, the presence of these plaques can confirm that a person has AD. This test is considered quite safe, because the dye is similar to other agents already widely in use.

Confirmation that it works: Recent studies on living AD patients have demonstrated a near perfect (96%) correspondence between what the scans showed and what subsequent autopsies of those patients revealed, Dr. Foster notes.

What the Test Can’t Tell You

It’s important to keep in mind, however, that while amyloid PET scanning reliably detects plaques in the brain, it does not on its own provide a definitive diagnosis -- doctors still must use their clinical judgment to interpret the results in the context of a person’s medical history and symptoms. It is possible to have plaques but not have the typical problems associated with AD, Dr. Foster explained. Indeed, 30% of people who have amyloid plaques do not experience memory problems. But, importantly, without amyloid plaques a person does not have AD.

What the test can tell you is the probability of Alzheimer’s:
  • A low level of amyloid plaques in the brain indicates a low risk for AD.
  • A high level suggests that a person has or is likely to develop the disease.
  • If there are symptoms (such as memory loss or dementia) and there are no amyloid plaques in the brain, Alzheimer’s can be ruled out -- so doctors know to look for other causes of the symptoms (e.g., minor strokes, medication side effects or malnutrition).
This Test Can Be Used for Screening

Dr. Foster compares detecting amyloid plaques in your brain with detecting atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries. If you have plaque buildup and hardening in your coronary arteries, you are at a higher risk for heart attack and/or stroke -- but that does not necessarily mean you will have one. Likewise, amyloid plaques in your brain predict a higher risk for memory problems due to AD -- but you will not necessarily develop it. This leads Dr. Foster to predict that it may become commonplace within the next decade to use amyloid PET scanning to screen for AD in people who are exhibiting symptoms. He said that research is currently evaluating how accurate a predictor of the disease it truly is.

Dr. Foster anticipates that the FDA will approve amyloid PET scanning in the next few months and believes that the scans will be particularly useful when there are doubts about diagnosis. Even if the diagnosis is AD, knowing can help you plan for what lies ahead. There are medications that improve Alzheimer’s symptoms, as well as drugs to avoid if you have the disease. And it is never too late to improve your quality of life -- even as the disease progresses -- by taking active steps to stay mentally engaged… physically active… and socially connected. You also can look into community health and support services to help you cope with further challenges down the road.

Grappling with the uncertainty of AD can be a harrowing experience. Dr. Foster sees the amyloid PET scan as a major step forward in helping families plan for the future and avoid unnecessary delays in getting treatment.

Source(s):

Norman L. Foster, MD, professor of neurology, director, Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging and Research (CACIR), senior investigator, The Brain Institute at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City.


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Quitting Smoking May Get Easier

My boyfriend in college was a heavy smoker. When he finally decided to quit, I was relieved for both of us. To make the ordeal of withdrawal easier, he began chewing nicotine replacement gum. He kept the little silver packets in his jacket pockets, the glove compartment, in upstairs and downstairs cabinets -- everywhere he could think of so that he wouldn’t be left without a piece of gum in any conceivable circumstance. The pharmacy would sell only limited supplies -- and running out of that gum could be just as hair-raising as running out of cigarettes. It left you nervous and shaky -- and worse, if you ran out of the gum, you might go right back to the cigarettes.

Now the Food And Drug Administration has agreed to reconsider the 12-week suggested limit on the gum and on other over-the counter nicotine replacement products (NRTs) -- which include patches and lozenges as well as chewing gum. The FDA also agreed to make them more easily available. And that is big news for anyone trying to quit. I can certainly bear witness to that.

COMPARING SIDE EFFECTS

To find out more, I contacted K. Michael Cummings, PhD, chair of the department of health behavior at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo and one of the country’s top experts in smoking cessation. He said that many people don’t try NRTs, because they’re fearful of getting addicted to the nicotine replacement, so they don’t use it long enough to help get over the hump of their smoking addiction. But, he told me, it is now clear that the side effects of the smoking-cessation products aren’t nearly as serious as the consequences of smoking, which include lung cancer, strokes and heart attacks, to name just some of the most serious.

Dr. Cummings emphasized that while NRTs won’t automatically turn off the urge to smoke, they will help a smoker get relief from nicotine withdrawal by supplying nicotine minus the carcinogens and other harmful elements in tobacco products. He strongly believes that there is no reason for smokers using NRTs to discontinue using them after 12 weeks if they think it helps them stay off cigarettes. The American Cancer Society and others have been lobbying for just such a change as well.

CHANGES AHEAD

Most experts believe this labeling change will happen later this year. And this, Dr. Cummings said, will hopefully trigger other changes. Some of the most important: NRT products would be permitted for sale in all outlets now licensed to sell tobacco products - not just in pharmacies. In addition, NRT packaging should allow for the sale of products in daily supplies so that smokers can more directly substitute clean and safe NRTs for deadly and addictive tobacco products. (In other words, no more rooting around in the glove compartment for that spare piece of gum!) If these changes are made, NRTs are likely to cost less and become more easily available.

"It would be nice to see NRT products in gas stations and convenience stores, not just in pharmacies as is the case now," said Dr. Cummings. With wider distribution of NRTs will come more competition, driving down the purchase price. It now costs about $50 for a two-week supply of nonprescription lozenges or gum and a little less for 14 patches -- maybe not as much as cigarettes, but still expensive.

NICOTINE-FREE?

Nicotine consumed in a large enough quantity can be a deadly poison. And while the amount of nicotine in NRTs is too low to be acutely dangerous, there are certain safety concerns. The Journal of the American College of Cardiology reports that nicotine harms the linings of the arteries, thereby increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke. So think through your "quitting strategy." There’s no question that giving up cigarettes is a tough but important thing to do. If you can use the patch or gum or whatever NRT works for you to accomplish this, it’s going to improve your chances for a healthy life substantially. Then, you can step down from the NRTs as well -- and give yourself a chance to live completely nicotine-free.

Source(s):

K. Michael Cummings, PhD, MPH, chair of the department of health behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Dr. Cummings is also the director of the New York State Smokers’ Quitline, which helps smokers give up tobacco. www.NYSmokefree.com.

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Be well,


Carole Jackson
Bottom Line's Daily Health News


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