January 25, 2011

Dangerous Drugs That Slip Through the Cracks

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January 25, 2011
Bottom Line's Daily Health News
In This Issue...
  • The Memory Miracle Your Doctor Doesn't Know About
  • Why Doctors Need to Get Physical -- Physical Exam: Outdated or Good Medicine?
  • Forever Young
  • What Went Wrong with Darvon? -- How a Dangerous Drug Slipped Through the Cracks
  • Making Peace with Your Parents

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Why Doctors Need to Get Physical

Many Daily Health News stories focus on what’s new in modern medicine (for better or worse), while many others explore ancient healing traditions -- but today’s story is different from both of those. We’re looking back to the relatively recent past and discussing the demise of something so basic that it’s hard to believe it is fading away -- the physical exam. The hands-on exam that doctors once relied upon as a diagnostic tool now seems positively quaint when compared with ultramodern, state-of-the-art technologies such as genetic testing and MRI scanning.

In medical circles, the trend is moving definitively in the direction of technology and the more the better -- the thinking is that high-tech, in-depth electronic, chemical and nuclear tests can provide the information that doctors need with far greater precision than simple touch. But, according to Henri Roca, MD, medical director at the Greenwich Hospital Center for Integrative Medicine in Cos Cob, Connecticut, this may not be providing the best care for patients.

Dr. Roca shared his concern that today’s doctors are devaluing the physical exam. He told me that he is worried that our reliance on tests and technology has gone too far. "We’re so dependent on technology that it is as though we’re blind without it," Dr. Roca said, recounting his experience working in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina had decimated the area’s hospitals and medical clinics. "We didn’t have access to labs, CT scans or MRIs -- and without the technology that modern medicine has come to rely on, many of the people who were the brightest shining stars in their respective fields of medicine were pretty helpless." Dr. Roca added, "I’m not speaking against technology, but I am questioning whether medicine should come to rely solely on technology."

Hands-On Exam Has Unique Benefits

According to Dr. Roca, the physical exam has benefits that can’t be overlooked, including...

It strengthens the doctor-patient bond. It’s impossible to overstate the importance of the relationship between a doctor and a patient, Dr. Roca points out, noting that it’s a way to establish "trust and security that will help healing occur." Performing a physical exam means that a physician is taking the time to listen to you, to ask questions about your symptoms and to touch you instead of simply ordering a battery of tests.

It saves money. Dr. Roca readily admits that physical exams take time -- much more than it takes to simply write a prescription for tests -- but a comprehensive physical exam often can provide information that renders expensive tests such as MRIs and CT scans unnecessary.

It keeps symptoms in focus. According to Dr. Roca, a pitfall of sophisticated imaging studies performed without the contextual information of a physical exam is that they often deliver more information than actually is helpful, perhaps even identifying new issues that are distracting rather than meaningful. Dr. Roca said that these "incidental findings" can create anxiety for patients and lead to yet more invasive and expensive tests that ultimately prove unnecessary. For instance, he said, MRIs often reveal what appear to be abnormalities but are "normal findings for that patient -- they aren’t the cause of the problem."

It’s interactive. Today’s patients often are better informed about medical problems and treatments than those of yesteryear, but this can sometimes complicate a doctor’s work. For example, if you’re telling a doctor about a friend’s similar symptoms or discussing a fact or opinion you read online instead of your own experiences, you may omit important information that can help with a diagnosis, Dr. Roca said. If the doctor performs a thorough physical exam, he/she will notice relevant signs and question you about your symptoms in a way that gets to the root of the problem -- even if the problem isn’t what you thought it might be.

Three Types of Physicals

Dr. Roca told me that there are three different types of physical exams, each of which has an important place in modern medicine:
  • The full physical -- the classic "checkup." Dr. Roca advises adult patients to have annual physical exams by their primary-care provider.
  • The "focused physical," which might be done on interim visits and relates to specific symptoms. For instance, if you’re seeing your doctor for a fever and a sore throat, he/she needs to look at your ears, nose and throat but doesn’t need to examine your feet and knees.
  • The physical exam done by a specialist, which is focused on the specific area being treated. An ophthalmologist would closely examine your eyes and the surrounding area, while an orthopedist would closely examine a limb or a specific joint.
And what should a patient expect with the aforementioned "thorough physical exam?" Dr. Roca says it should be a complete head-to-toe look. Though it quickly gets technical -- each step has at least 10 substeps that look for various problems -- at the very least your doctor should...
  • Perform a visual exam of the eyes and the insides of the ears, nose and throat.
  • Examine the throat and thyroid via external touch.
  • Palpate (examine by touch) muscles where you are feeling discomfort, looking for unusual tenderness, which could be a sign of injury.
  • Feel the lymph nodes (in the neck, under the arms and in the groin) to see if they’re swollen or enlarged.
  • Listen to the lungs, heart and abdomen.
  • Palpate the abdomen to feel the liver and the spleen.
  • Check muscles for strength and joints for movement.
  • Check reflexes to make sure the nerves are properly processing signals.
  • Check your balance.
Does Your Doctor Make the Grade?

Dr. Roca urges people who feel dissatisfied with a doctor’s technique in performing a physical exam to voice their concerns. For instance, if you’ve complained about a symptom that your doctor hasn’t checked out, ask to have that part of your body examined. "This will require additional time, but it will lead to the experience that you want," Dr. Roca said. The end result will likely be a more detailed physical and a stronger relationship with your doctor -- and that’s a win-win situation.

Source(s):

Henri J, Roca III, MD, LAc, DABHM, DAAFP, medical director, Greenwich Hospital Center for Integrative Medicine, Cos Cob, Connecticut. Dr. Roca is a board-certified family physician, medical acupuncturist, hypnotherapist, massage therapist and biofeedback practitioner.

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What Went Wrong with Darvon?

Darvon is such a common prescription painkiller -- and it has been for such a long time -- that I was somewhat surprised when the FDA pulled it off the market a few months ago. The matter was treated with a great sense of urgency -- the FDA announcement explained that "new clinical data" shows that patients taking Darvon are at risk for potentially serious or even fatal heart rhythm abnormalities.

But Darvon (propoxyphene) has been on the market since 1957! Is it really possible that this is a new problem that no one noticed before?

Darvon Dangers

Well, actually it turns out that they did. When I started digging around, I learned that there were questions about the safety of this popular drug as long ago as the 1970s. In the UK, use of Darvon was discontinued altogether in 2005 due to the number of patient deaths associated with it... but here in the US, where Darvon was "grandfathered" in 1962 (meaning that it didn’t have to pass the same stringent safety requirements of newer drugs), many doctors continued prescribing it even in the face of its apparent dangers! In fact, 10 million prescriptions were written as recently as 2010.

To learn more about how this happened, I called clinical pharmacist Melissa Murfin, PA-C, PharmD, assistant professor at the LECOM Bradenton School of Pharmacy in Bradenton, Florida. She told me that only very recently did the concerns about Darvon’s safety rise to the level where the FDA required proof of the drug’s safety in a mandated clinical trial. This was the research that linked Darvon with the potentially fatal heart-rhythm abnormalities and led the FDA to demand that the manufacturer, Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, withdraw it immediately from the market.

Bad Chemistry

Dr. Murfin explained that propoxyphene becomes dangerous when the body breaks it down, creating a metabolic product called norpropoxyphene that is harmful to the heart. Making matters even worse, norpropoxyphene remains in the body a long time, from 30 to 36 hours -- even longer in older people. Darvon (and its sister drug Darvocet, which also has been taken off the market) were meant to be taken every four hours, facilitating a dangerous buildup of norpropoxyphene in the body and creating an escalating risk of arrhythmia. Again adding insult to injury, arrhythmia is an especially dangerous condition for the elderly, says Dr. Murfin, as well as for people with kidney problems. Also, certain medications, such as antifungals... the antibiotic erythromycin... and the herb Saint-John’s-wort... along with grapefruit juice lead to even greater amounts of norpropoxyphene, potentially making matters even worse.

More outrageousness yet: The FDA research review found that this deadly drug isn’t even all that effective -- researchers reported that its painkilling effectiveness is approximately equal to aspirin and other over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics. The difference appears to be that as an opiate, Darvon also induced a euphoric effect that patients liked.

There are a number of other painkillers that you can take that are both safer and more effective including, possibly, an OTC drug. Your doctor can provide advice on what products might be good choices for you... and if you have any Darvon or Darvocet left in your medicine cabinet, take it to the pharmacy and ask to have it disposed of safely. This drug is too dangerous to keep in the house.

Source(s):

Melissa Murfin, PA-C, PharmD, assistant professor of pharmacy practice, LECOM Bradenton School of Pharmacy, Bradenton, Florida.

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Be well,


Carole Jackson
Bottom Line's Daily Health News




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Making Peace with Your Parents

It saddens me to see how many people I know are struggling in their relationships with their parents. And I don't mean youngsters. These are all people in their mid-40's or older so they have been suffering a very long time. It is heartbreaking to witness... and sad to know that these people are just a microcosm of the country and that there are millions of others in similar situations.

Read on...


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