September 20, 2011

Eat Pistachios and Go Nuts!

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September 20, 2011
Bottom Line's Daily Health News
In This Issue...
  • Unlock Your Brain's Accelerated Learning Capacity
  • Eat Pistachios and Go Nuts!
  • Remarkably Effective Ancient Technique for Releasing Physical Pain...
  • Calcium + Vitamin D Decreased Melanoma Risk
  • Wake Up!

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Eat Pistachios and Go Nuts!

Attention snackers! Are you longing for some good news? Happy to oblige. One of our favorite healthy snack foods -- pistachios -- has fewer calories than we thought. Not by an enormous amount, mind you, but enough to afford us a moment or two of guiltless snacking -- and, no, the difference doesn’t come from all those calories you use up opening the shell of a pistachio nut.

For 100 years or so, the calorie value of foods has been calculated using something called the Atwater general factor system. You may not have heard of it by name, but you probably have heard its long-standing pronouncement that proteins and carbohydrates have four calories per gram and fat has nine calories per gram. Of course, many things aren’t as simple as they seem. And it turns out that not all fat is equal when it comes to counting calories.

A First-of-Its-Kind Study

Recent clinical studies had indicated that the fat in pistachio nuts is not well-absorbed by the body, but there hadn’t been a human study to prove it... until now. The US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service just released the results of a meticulous study tracing the fate of pistachios in the human body. They found that about 6% of their fat calories pass right through us without being absorbed -- meaning pistachios effectively have fewer calories than we’d thought.

In the study, 16 healthy, nonsmoking men and woman, ages 29 to 64, all without gastrointestinal disorders, ate a consistent balanced diet of typical American food for three weeks. They ate all the food, and only the food, prepared for them by the research center. The participants were weighed each morning and their intake adjusted to keep their weight stable.

While all of this was going on, researchers gave each participant one of three different "doses" of pistachios to eat -- 0 grams (the control), 42 grams (about one and one-half ounces) and 84 grams (about three ounces) per day -- for part of their diet. For the two pistachio diets, which resulted in increased daily intakes of fat and dietary fiber compared with the control, total carbohydrates were reduced -- so that total calorie consumption remained at the level where subjects neither gained nor lost weight.

Calories In -- Calories Out

I talked with David Baer, PhD, supervisory research physiologist with the Agricultural Research Service and the study’s lead author, who told me that the purpose of the study was to determine the legitimate calorie value of pistachios in an otherwise balanced diet. He gave me a very "inside" account of their research.

Everything the participants ate was carefully weighed and chemically analyzed before it went in... and everything was just as carefully analyzed when it came out so that researchers could track the absorption of fat and nutrients in the body. Ingeniously, researchers gave participants a brilliant blue "marker capsule" by mouth to help them identify the beginning and end of the study. Once the blue was out of the body, researchers could be sure there was no more food coming out that should be monitored.

Because the weight, amount of fat and energy (calories) increased in the "end product" when pistachios were added to the diet, researchers concluded that less fat had been digested by the body, which meant that fewer calories than expected had been provided by the pistachios.

In addition, because the researchers found that the amount of dietary fiber consumed increased with the addition of pistachios, the fiber calories of the pistachios were also subtracted from the carbohydrate calorie count, further contributing to a lower calorie count.

In the end, the study found the actual calorie measure of pistachios is about 160 for a typical 30-gram serving (approximately 50 nut meats), instead of the generally accepted 170 calories, making it a nut with one of the lowest calorie counts.

While the study isn’t suggesting that we start to think of pistachios as a diet food, every little bit counts when it comes to calorie counting. Plus, although not planned as part of the study, blood samples analyzed after each protocol found that both amounts of pistachio nuts lowered LDL cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) by 6%.

Next up on the Agricultural Research Service’s nut-calorie-authentication research plan are almonds. We may get more good news.

Source(s):

David J. Baer, PhD, supervisory research physiologist, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland.


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Calcium + Vitamin D Decreased Melanoma Risk

If you’ve had a basal or squamous cell skin cancer removed, as so many people have, you know all about the anxiety that experience leaves you with. Will it come back? Will you get more of them? Or, worst of all, does this mean you are likely to get the far more serious and worrisome melanoma?

Here’s the Truth

Sadly, yes, people who have had basal or squamous cell skin cancers are statistically more likely to later develop the deadly skin cancer melanoma than those who haven’t had any skin cancers. In fact, a history of any kind of cancer ups your statistical risk for having another -- but research suggests that this is especially so with skin cancer.

Now comes the good news. A group of researchers at Stanford University’s School of Medicine has found evidence that taking calcium and vitamin D supplements significantly cuts the risk of developing melanoma in a group of women who had previously had nonmelanoma skin cancers.

RESEARCH RESULTS

The researchers learned this by analyzing a large pool of data from the 15-year Women’s Health Initiative -- 36,000 women, ages 50 to 79, were followed for an average of seven years. While the study was initiated to investigate the effects of calcium and vitamin D on hip fractures and colorectal cancers, researchers also looked at whether these supplements affect risk for melanoma -- and wow, were the researchers surprised by how helpful they are!

Half the women in the study took a daily supplement containing 1,000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D, while the other half took a placebo pill. Findings: Those who took calcium and vitamin D were half as likely to develop melanoma subsequent to their other skin cancers. Surprisingly, the researchers also learned that this protective effect helped only those who had had previous skin cancers. Calcium and vitamin D had no apparent effect on melanoma risk in those who had been skin-cancer free.

On the downside, there was a higher incidence of kidney stones among the calcium/vitamin D takers... and emerging research now suggests that very high levels of supplemental vitamin D may encourage certain skin cancers, so none of us should start gulping vitamin D without speaking to a doctor first. The results were published online in the June 27, 2011 issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology.

What’s Up Here?

As noted by lead researcher Jean Y. Tang, MD, PhD, assistant professor of dermatology at the Stanford University School of Medicine, lots of questions remain. For one thing, men weren’t included in the Women’s Health Initiative, so it’s unclear whether they would derive the same benefit from taking the calcium and vitamin D combo. It’s also not known whether natural sources of vitamin D (such as sunshine) and calcium (such as from leafy greens and dairy) would have the same effect as the supplements.

Dr. Tang’s advice: If you have had basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer... and spend your time indoors for the most part... and/or are a postmenopausal woman (since many are considering calcium supplementation anyway to protect against bone loss), you might discuss a low-dose calcium and vitamin D supplement with your health-care provider. She mentioned also that her team continues to study this issue -- focusing particularly on the potential relationship between vitamin D and cancer prevention -- with a study that will compare blood levels of vitamin D with the incidence of melanomas. She invited Daily Health News readers to participate by contacting her through http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Jean_Tang.

Source(s):

Jean Y. Tang, MD, PhD, assistant professor of dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California.


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Wake Up!

We once reported on a study that found that people wake up with more energy when they don't snooze through their alarm, but rather get up as soon as it goes off. I tried this for a while, but it didn't really work for me. I tend to have very vivid dreams, and they often come around wake-up time. When I am in that deep a sleep, it is difficult to just jump right out of bed.

Read more...


Be well,


Carole Jackson
Bottom Line's Daily Health News


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